一氧化碳中毒的原因及预防
一氧化碳中毒对人类和动物都是致命的. Learn the warning signs on how to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.
在美国, carbon monoxide poisoning results in more than 400 deaths a year and more than 100,000次去急诊室, 根据 美国疾病控制与预防中心. 然而, 因为一氧化碳中毒通常没有报告, 实例的数量可能要高得多.
什么是一氧化碳??
一氧化碳(CO)是无色的, 无味的, odorless gas both naturally occurring and a byproduct of synthetic fuel.
什么是一氧化碳中毒?
Carbon monoxide poisoning is caused from the inhalation of CO fumes resulting in a build up of CO in the bloodstream that replaces oxygen in the blood, 剥夺了心灵, 大脑和其他重要器官的氧气. CO is called the “silent killer” because it’s undetectable by human senses and can quickly lead to loss of consciousness, 脑损伤甚至死亡.
一氧化碳中毒有哪些症状?
What makes CO poisoning particularly dangerous is that early onset symptoms may be mistaken as having the common cold or flu. Unless CO is detected by a CO detector you may never realize you have CO poisoning until it’s too late.
Symptom severity depends on how much CO is breathed in and for how long and may include:
- 头疼
- 乏力
- 呼吸急促（气促）
- 恶心想吐
- 头晕
- 混乱
- 视力模糊
- 呕吐
- 肌肉协调性丧失
- 无意识
根据 梅奥诊所, breathing in carbon monoxide can be especially dangerous for higher risk groups such as:
- 未出生的婴儿 因为胎儿的血细胞比成人更容易吸收一氧化碳.
- 婴儿和儿童 因为他们比成年人呼吸得多.
- 年长的成年人 患脑损伤的风险更高.
一氧化碳从何而来?
当物质燃烧时就会产生一氧化碳. CO occurs naturally during forest fires or volcanic eruptions as well as through synthetic fuel such as the running of a gas-powered 车辆.
你会怎样接触到一氧化碳?
- 从火中吸入的烟雾
- Dangerous levels of CO can occur from the use of improperly vented, 阻塞, 或故障气体, 煤炭, 家中或周围的木质或燃油电器，例如:
- 在密闭空间内行驶的车辆
- 炉
- 壁炉
- 烹饪设备
- 衣服烘干机
- 烧木料炉灶
- 空间加热器
- 烤架
- Living near high traffic roads or factories that emit carbon monoxide
- Using malfunctioning or improperly maintained gas-powered equipment
- 剪草机
- 链锯
- 发电机
- 吸烟或吸入 二手烟
如何预防一氧化碳中毒?
Taking a small amount of time to manage your home's risks from CO poisoning may help protect you and your family from unintentional CO poisoning.
- 考虑定期检查你的 家用电器 由合格的技术人员每年一次.
- 炉 (ideally should be inspected before the start of the 加热 months.)
- Gas appliances (can be inspected at the same time as your furnace to ensure they are operating correctly.)
- 烟囱
- Avoiding idling your car in your garage even with the garage door open.
- 记住这一点 空间加热器, 烤箱, portable generators and other gasoline-powered engines can cause a buildup of carbon monoxide and should be well ventilated.
- 在你的房子周围寻找这些可能的一氧化碳泄漏迹象.
- 燃气灶的火焰是黄色或橙色，而不是蓝色
- 燃烧燃料的器具和通风口上有黑烟或污迹
- 指示灯故障
- 窗户上的水分增加
- Listen and watch for any weather-related air quality advisory warnings based on 野火 吸烟有助于限制一氧化碳的暴露.
- Consider taking a portable CO detector with you on vacations to plug into your hotel room.
一氧化碳探测器有哪些提示?
除了…之外 烟雾探测器, CO detectors are especially important if your home uses 天然气 for cooking, 加热, 或者有一个附属车库. 另外, having CO detectors properly placed around your home and understanding their full abilities is key.
- 如果你有 智能家居系统, consider linking your CO detectors so you can receive smartphone alerts if CO is detected.
- Some manufacturers of carbon monoxide detectors offer combination or 3-in-1 detectors to alert you when carbon monoxide or an explosive gas such as 天然气 或者检测到丙烷. Many of the home 天然气 detectors or explosive gas detectors will require being plugged into an electrical outlet and will have a battery back-up.
- 至少要保住探测器 距离烹饪或加热设备15英尺 and away from high humidity locations like bathrooms and kitchens, 因为湿度有时会导致读数错误.
- 建议全部更换电池 烟雾探测器 and CO detectors at least once a year (or sooner if it “chirps” to let you know the battery is low). 也建议老年人 烟雾探测器每10年更换一次, 一氧化碳探测器每5年更换一次.
- 在你家的每一层都安装一氧化碳探测器, 在每个睡眠区域内或附近以及附属车库附近.
如果我的一氧化碳探测器坏了怎么办?
请访问CDC网站 更多有关一氧化碳中毒的资料.
