金融服务术语的词汇表

401k

雇主为雇员提供的固定缴款计划, 允许他们为退休而推迟收入. 一些雇主匹配员工的供款. 在特定年龄之前分配资金将触发罚款税.

529储蓄计划

A 529储蓄计划 是一个 state-sponsored program designed to help parents and others finance a child's college expenses. 受供款限制及投资指引规限. 任何人都可以投稿, 无论收入水平如何, 这些钱通常投资于股票投资组合, 债券或共同基金. Withdrawals are federal income tax free if used for qualified higher education expenses; withdrawals for non-educational purposes will trigger federal income taxes and a 10 percent tax penalty.

年利率(APR)

总融资费用与贷款金额的百分比关系. 以年为单位反映按揭贷款的成本. May be higher than the interest rate stated on the note because it also includes loan discount points, 杂费及按揭pp王者电子官网.

年收益率(APY)

Reflects the total interest to be earned based on the interest rate and an 机构's compounding method, 假设资金每年在账户里存365天.

年金(固定)

一种 年金 pp王者电子官网公司将保证固定回报率的存款记入账户, 保证本金.

延期年金

允许在税收递延的基础上积累资金, 与选择支付选项.

即时年金

Allows for the conversion of a sum of money into a guaranteed series of payments for a period equal to the greater of a person's life or a specified number of years.

资产

经济价值项目, 比如现金, 证券, 应收账款, 库存, 办公设备, 一所房子, 汽车或其它财产. 在资产负债表上，资产等于负债和所有者权益的总和.

资产类别

投资类型，如股票、债券、房地产或现金.

均衡投资策略

A method of portfolio allocation designed to provide both income and capital appreciation while avoiding excessive risk.

受益人

个人, 机构, 受托人或遗产接收, 或者可能有资格获得, 遗嘱下的利益, pp王者电子官网政策, 退休计划, 年金, 个人死亡后的信托或者其他合同.

债券

Debt obligation issued by a government or business firm with a term typically exceeding five years. 一般来说，在指定日期偿还本金和利息的承诺. Often secured and has priority over shareholders if the company becomes insolvent and its assets are distributed.

存单(CD)

短期或中期, 计息, 在适用限额内由联邦存款pp王者电子官网公司承保的储蓄工具. 提供比大多数其他银行存款产品更高的回报率, 作为交换，在该证书的有效期限内，将投资的资金捆绑起来. 在到期前取出的钱可能会受到提前取款的处罚. 低风险, low return investments known as time deposits because the account holder has agreed to keep the money in the account for a specified amount of time, 三个月到五年不等.

复利

Determined by adding the interest earned in the current period to the principal and computing the next period's interest on this compounded total amount.

科威达教育储蓄帐户(ESA)

旨在帮助父母或其他人资助孩子教育的投资工具. 捐款是不能免税的, 但符合条件的教育费用的分配是不征税的. 一般来说，可以在家庭成员之间转移. Several restrictions: Entire account must be disbursed by the beneficiary's 30th birthday; withdrawals after this date or for expenses that are not qualified education expenses are subject to federal income taxes and a tax penalty.

托管账户

由一个人或实体(托管人)为另一个人的利益而管理的账户, 通常在银行, 共同基金或经纪公司.

债务融资

向个人或机构出售债券、票据或票据的融资方式.

多样化

投资组合 strategy designed to reduce exposure to risk by combining a variety of investments unlikely to have the same volatility, 比如股票, 债券和房地产. Not all asset classes or industries or individual companies move up and down in value at the same time or at the same rate, 这可能会限制波动性. 多样化 helps reduce the upside and downside potential and allows for more consistent performance under a wide range of economic conditions, 但不能保证在市场下滑时获利或避免损失.

股权融资

通过向投资者出售所有权权益来融资.

房地产

个人的资产和负债.

遗产规划

遗嘱:用遗嘱准备管理计划和处置某人的财产, 信托基金, 礼物, 委托书或其他交通工具.

房产pp王者电子官网

为房屋的损失或损坏提供pp王者电子官网, 通常是独户住宅, 这是大多数抵押贷款机构的要求. Coverage 是一个lso provided for loss or damage to the insured's personal property such as furnishings, clothing and other goods and for personal liability arising from bodily injury or property damage to another person.

通货膨胀

在一个经济体中，商品和服务价格的总体上升趋势, 通常以消费者物价指数和生产者物价指数来衡量. 随着时间的推移，商品和服务的成本增加, the value of a dollar falls because a person isn't able to purchase as much with that dollar as he or she previously could.

个人退休帐户(IRA)

递延税项 retirement account for an individual that permits individuals to set aside monies each tax year (the amount is determined annually by the Internal Revenue Service) as well as additional monies for those 50 or older each tax year (the amount is determined annually by the Internal Revenue Service), 所得税递延到59岁半或更晚(或更早)开始提款, 加上10%的罚款). Only those who do not participate in a pension plan at work or who do participate and meet certain income guidelines can make deductible contributions to a 传统的爱尔兰共和军. Such contributions are deductible from income in that year and any growth accumulates tax-deferred until the funds are withdrawn. 所有其他人都可以在不可扣除的基础上向传统IRA缴款.

责任

法律义务、债务、索赔或潜在损失.

液体

易于兑换成现金.

人寿pp王者电子官网

人寿pp王者电子官网 是一个 与pp王者电子官网公司的合同. 作为pp王者电子官网费的交换, the contract provides for the payment of a stipulated amount to a designated beneficiary upon the death of the insured.

长期护理pp王者电子官网

An insurance product that helps pay for the cost of long-term care that is generally not covered by health insurance, 医疗pp王者电子官网, 或医疗补助.

医疗补助计划

Program funded by the federal and state governments that provides health coverage to eligible low-income adults, 孩子们, 残疾人士.

医疗pp王者电子官网

联邦医疗pp王者电子官网是为65岁或以上的人提供的联邦健康pp王者电子官网计划, 一些有残疾的年轻人, 以及终末期肾病患者.

货币市场帐户

储蓄账户, 联邦存款pp王者电子官网公司的pp王者电子官网达到适用的限额, that offers many of the same services as checking accounts although transactions are somewhat more limited.

共同基金

把很多人的钱集中起来投资股票, 债券或其他资产, 被称为基金的投资组合. 投资者持有的股票是这些资产的一部分. 投资共同基金涉及市场风险，包括可能损失本金.

资产净值

总资产减去总负债.

养老金

雇员从雇主的退休计划中获得的退休后福利.

永久人寿pp王者电子官网

为被pp王者电子官网人的整个生命提供持续的pp王者电子官网，而不是固定的年限. 是否可累积价值，所有者可以提取或使用以增加死亡抚恤金.

人

在本术语表中使用, 自然人(人)或法人, 比如公司, 合伙或信托.

投资组合

个人或组织所有的投资的集合. 通常包括股票、债券和共同基金.

主要

未付的借款金额，或未付借款金额的一部分，不包括利息. 也被认为是投资或存入的原始金额.

私人按揭pp王者电子官网(PMI)

在借款人(按揭人)违约的情况下，防止贷款人损失的pp王者电子官网. 由私人pp王者电子官网公司签发. pp王者电子官网费由借款人支付，并包括在按揭供款内.

回报率

投资的年回报率，按投资总额的百分比计算.

租房者pp王者电子官网

为居住在出租住宅的个人提供pp王者电子官网, 属于别人的公寓或其他地方. pp王者电子官网范围包括被pp王者电子官网人个人财产(如家具)的损失或损坏, clothing and other goods and for personal liability arising from bodily injury or property damage to another person.

展期

Tax-free movement of funds from a qualified 退休计划 into an IRA or other qualified plan within a specific time frame (60 days). 或者，资金从一个符合纳税条件的账户转移到另一个账户.

罗斯IRA

允许纳税人在一定的收入限制下为退休储蓄的IRA类型. 捐款是不能免税的. 取款在一定条件下是免税的.

社会保障

残疾 and retirement program established under the federal 社会保障 Act of the Railroad 退休 Act.

股票

表示公司所有权利益(股权)的证券, and representing a claim on its proportional share in the corporation's dividends and net assets.

递延税项

将所得税推迟到较晚的日期. 递延税收的工具包括个人退休账户, 401 k计划, 基奥计划, 年金和员工持股计划.

定期人寿pp王者电子官网

为被pp王者电子官网人的生命提供一定年限的人寿pp王者电子官网. 通常，它不会产生任何现金价值.

国债

美国发行的可转让债务.S. government and backed by its full faith and credit, having a maturity of between two and 10 years.

信任

A means for a trustee to own and control property for the benefit of himself or herself or for a beneficiary.

生活的信任

在创造者的有生之年建立起来的.

遗嘱信托

Created by a will; t在这里fore, comes into existence after a person's death.

向未成年人统一转让法案

Law enacted in most states that permits an adult (the custodian) to own property for the exclusive benefit of a minor. 按照保管人的指示, control over money in an UGMA/UTMA account is transferred automatically to the beneficiary when he or she reaches the age specified in the state's UGMA/UTMA statute.

变额年金

人寿pp王者电子官网 年金 contract that provides future payments to the holder, usually at retirement. 支付金额取决于投资组合中证券的表现.

将

指导处置死者遗嘱认证财产的具有法律效力的声明.